In Hindu culture, the lunar calendar plays a crucial role in determining auspicious dates for festivals, ceremonies, and rituals. One unique aspect of the Hindu calendar is the presence of an extra month, known as ADHIK MASS. It is added periodically to synchronise the lunar and solar cycles. In this article, we will explore the significance of ADHIK MAAS, its importance in Hindu traditions, and how it harmonises the lunar and solar calendars.
The Hindu calendar is a complex system based on lunar months, with each month comprising one full moon to the next. This lunar month, known as Purnimanta, marks the beginning of the month with the full moon day (Purnima) and ends with the new moon day (Amavasya). However, there is a slight difference between the lunar month and the solar month, leading to the concept of ADHIK MAAS.
ADHIK MAAS, also referred to as Purushottam Mas or Mala Maas, is an additional month that occurs approximately every three years. This intercalary month is inserted to ensure the alignment of the lunar and solar calendars. While the lunar year consists of 354 days, the solar year comprises 365 days. The extra days in the solar year lead to the gradual shift of lunar months concerning the solar months, and ADHIK MAAS helps to rectify this discrepancy.
In the year 2023, ADHIK MASS will occur after the lunar month of Ashwin and before the lunar month of Kartik. This unique event happens when two Amavasyas (new moon days) follow the lunar month of Ashwin. Consequently, the extra month will be inserted to maintain the harmony between the lunar and solar calendars for 2023.
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ADHIK MASS holds immense spiritual significance in Hindu traditions. It is believed that performing virtuous deeds, acts of charity, and religious rituals during this month yield multiplied benefits. Devotees consider this time auspicious for undertaking pilgrimages, reading sacred texts, and engaging in spiritual practices to attain blessings and enlightenment.
While ADHIK MASS is not associated with any major festivals or celebrations, its significance is observed by some devotees who dedicate this time to worship and self-improvement. Temples may organise special prayers and discourses to enlighten the community about the importance of this extra month.
ADHIK MASS is not merely a religious concept but also demonstrates the Hindu culture’s harmony with nature. By acknowledging the subtle difference between lunar and solar cycles and rectifying it with an additional month, Hindu traditions exemplify the significance of balance and synchronisation with the cosmic order.
Astrologically, ADHIK MASS is believed to have a unique impact on individuals’ birth charts. People born during this month are considered to possess a distinct personality and qualities. Astrologers interpret their birth charts with a special emphasis on their attributes and life path.
Historically, the Hindu calendar was also linked to agricultural practices, with each month having specific significance for farming and harvesting. ADHIK MAAS played a role in adjusting the calendar to correspond with the changing seasons and ensure appropriate timings for agricultural activities.
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ADHIK MAAS, the extra month in the Hindu calendar, exemplifies the deep-rooted connection between Hindu culture, lunar cycles, and nature’s rhythms. Beyond its role in aligning lunar and solar calendars, this additional month holds profound spiritual significance and presents an opportunity for self-improvement and introspection. Observing ADHIK MAAS reminds us of the importance of respecting the cosmic order and finding harmony within ourselves and the world around us.
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