Islamic calendar 2023

People of the Muslim religion use the Islamic calendar 2023 to determine the dates of religious events. It is also known as the Hijri calendar or the Muslim calendar. There are over 1.8 billion Muslims around the world. In this way, Islam is followed by the second largest number of people in the world after Christianity. Looking at the historical scenario, the religion of Islam was formed in the 7th century. Whereas all other major religions have a much older history.

Talking about the formation of Islam religion, it started in Mecca (modern Saudi Arabia) during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad. The word Islam translates to "subject to the will of God", so Muslims who follow Islam live their lives for their God, Allah.

Muslims believe that even though humans have free will. But nothing can happen without the permission of Allah. Before we go into detail about Islam religion and its festivals, it is very important to know that there are two major Muslim sects in Islam religion- Sunni and Shia

Sunni: They constitute about 90% of the total Muslim population worldwide. These people believe that the true successors of Muhammad were the first four caliphs.

Shia: Large numbers of Shia Muslims are present in some countries including Iran, Syria, and Iraq. They accept that the real successors of Muhammad were his son-in-law Ali and his descendants.

Other types of minor Muslim hegemony also exist between Sunni and Shia groups. They are as follows:

Wahhabi- this group belongs to the Sunni sect and was founded in the 18th century. This includes members of the Tamim tribe in Saudi Arabia. Also, the Wahhabis follow a strict interpretation of their religion, which was provided by Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab.

Nation of Islam- This is also a Sunni sect, mostly comprised of African-Americans. It was founded in Detroit, Michigan in the 1930s.

Alawite- This Shia sect is prevalent in Syria. These followers also have the same beliefs as the Shias. However, they also observe some Zoroastrian and Christian events.

Kharijites– This sect distanced itself from the Shias due to disagreements over the selection of a new leader. They are called Ibadis today and are known for their radical fundamentalism.

History of the Hijri calendar

The modern Hijri calendar is based on and uses month names similar to the pre-Islamic calendar used by the ancient Arabs. According to some sources, it was a lunisolar calendar, in which a leap month (nasi) was regularly inserted to calculate the length of the months following the phases of the moon and the time of the solar year. After the Muslim conquest of Mecca, the leap month was abolished to create a purely lunar calendar.

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The Iranian astronomer al-Biruni (973 - 1048 epoch) says that Caliph Umar (583 - 644 epoch) started the calculation of the Islamic year in 638 AD. The number of years was not used in the calculation of pre-Islamic times because each year was identified by a significant event that took place in it.

Like the Persian calendar, the calculation of time in the Islamic calendar started in 622. At the same time, when the Muslim prophet Muhammad went to Medina, then this event is called Hegira or Hijra according to the name of the Hijri calendar. The Persian and Islamic calendars are unrelated to each other. The first is a solar calendar, so its year numbers differ significantly from the Islamic lunar calendar.

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Importance of Moon phases in Islamic calendar 2023

is a lunar calendar, the timing of which is calculated based on the monthly cycles of the phases of the Moon. This is exactly the opposite of the solar calendar. A total lunar eclipse occurs each month under the lunar calendar, which is the time from the new moon to the second full moon. This lunar cycle includes all the phases of the moon.

The timing of the months in the 2023 Islamic calendar is based on astronomical observations. A new month begins when the Waxing Crescent Moon is celebrated shortly after sunset. The Waxing Crescent Moon is the phase of the Moon, which begins just after a New Moon.

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Solar Year and Islamic Calendar 2023

Unlike other calendar systems leap days or leap months are used to construct or organize the calendar according to the solar year. The Islamic calendar is completely different from the astronomical events, which are marked by equinoxes and solstices. An Islamic year is approximately 11 days less than a consecutive solar year. For this reason, the Islamic calendar cannot be used for agriculture or other activities and most Muslim countries officially use the Gregorian calendar with the Hijri system as their civil calendar.

The traditional version of the Islamic calendar requires an authorized person, who can realistically see the crescent moon, to determine the length of each month. It is difficult to estimate Islamic months on astronomical observations. Clouds and other unfavourable atmospheric conditions can obscure the visible crescent, Moon. When this happens, the month may be extended by one day, delaying both the start of the new month and its associated events. This is why Muslim holiday dates can change at short notice.

How does an Islamic calendar work?

Some countries and Muslim communities now use modified versions of the traditional calendar, which are designed in an easier way to predict Islamic months and times. A new month can also start on different days in different countries. The timing of the moon at a place depends on its longitude, so major religious rituals such as fasting for a new month and Ramadan may begin a day earlier.

The Islamic calendar 2023 consists of 12 months, either 29 or 30 days. If the crescent is visible shortly after sunset on the evening of the 29th, the next day is the first day of the new month. If the moon is not visible in the sky, a 30th day is added to the current month, after which the first day of the next month begins. In the Islamic calendar, the months of Rajab, Ju al-Qaeda, Ju al-Hajjah, and Muharram are considered sacred.

The Islamic calendar year is not designed to coincide with the solar year, so it does not feature correction mechanisms such as leap days in the Gregorian calendar to account for deviations (different from or change from accepted behavior). It takes 33 years to fall on the same Gregorian date again, completing the cycle through a full Gregorian year. Muslim scholars developed the tabular Islamic calendar in the 8th century to make Islamic times more predictable and universal. This system uses arithmetic rules to determine the length of each month and regularly incorporates leap days.

Muslim holidays in 2023 according to Hijri calendar

Islamic festivals are the days celebrated by Muslims. Here we have marked the dates of Islamic religious holidays for the calendar year 2023. But some dates may differ slightly, as they are determined by the lunar calendar. Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. Today it is the second most widely practiced religion in the world with over 1.2 billion adherents. The Quran is considered the holy book of Islam. The Arabic word "Islam" means surrender. Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad is the last messenger of God. The goal of a Muslim's life is to live to please Allah (God) so that one can attain enlightenment. The religion of Islam consists of five main pillars:

• Shahadah: Faith - "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah".
• Tip: Prayer - Praying five times a day.
• Zakah: Donate - Every year, Muslims must donate a certain proportion of their savings to good causes.
• Swam: Fasting - fasting in the month of Ramadan.
• Hajj: Pilgrimage - A Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his lifetime.

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